This study aims at comparing one year’s outcome of diabetics subjected to RTx with matched non-diabetics as controls. All diabetics, having had a first live related renal transplantation (RTx) from October 1994 to March 2004 were included. A similar number of non-diabetics, matching with respect to time of transplant, sex, age, pre Tx dialysis period and post Tx immunosuppressive regime were selected as controls. The variables studied were one-year patient and graft survival, acute and chronic rejection episodes, systemic infections, wound status and five-year patient and graft survival, where applicable. The case controlled retrospective study included 29 diabetics (27 type 2 and 2 type 1) called Group 1, and 29 non-diabetics (Group 2), who had undergone Tx surgery within a span of 3 months of each other. There were 25 males and 4 females in each group, with a mean age of 40.9 ± 7.5 years and 39.7 ± 6.7 years respectively. In Group 2 Hypertension was the cause of renal failure in 17 cases, stone disease in 4, Glomerulonephritis in 2 and in 6 the cause was unknown. The pre Tx dialysis period was 12.5 ± 10.5 months and 9.7 ± 4.6 months, in-group 1 and 2 respectively. Hypertension was present in 25 diabetics and 24 non-diabetics. There was no significant difference in the acute and chronic rejection episodes of the two groups. Post Tx infections were similar in frequency in the two groups with urinary tract infections having the highest figures (13 in each group). Wound infection and dehiscence was significant in the diabetic patients (6 and 2 respectively). The non-diabetic group had no incidence of wound infection. Three patients from Group 1 suffered an acute myocardial infarction, with no cardio vascular morbidity in group 2. One-year graft survival was 84% and 94% in group 1 and 2 respectively. One-year patient survival was 89.6% and 94% in the two groups respectively. One-year graft and patient survival showed no significant difference in the diabetic and non-diabetic control subjects. The only important complication encountered in diabetics was wound infection and dehiscence. This can be prevented by a good glycaemic control prior to Tx. Well stabilized diabetics with minimal co-morbidity should be offered renal Tx just as non-diabetic individuals.